Origin and provincial service
Molo belonged to the Irgen Gioro clan of the Plain Red Manchu Banner, with ancestral associations in Hunaheru. He advanced from adjudicatory work in the Board of Punishments and service in the Board of Works. In 1668 he was appointed governor-general responsible for Shanxi and Shaanxi. His memorials addressed famine relief, unpaid land taxes, irregular levies, and additional collection charges, including efforts to prevent remaining taxpayers from being required to bear the debts of absconding households.
Political controversy and military commission
Molo suffered discipline after being judged politically close to Oboi, but was allowed to remain in office and later became president of the Board of Punishments. During deliberations over whether to withdraw the Three Feudatories, he supported withdrawal. After Wu Sangui rebelled, Molo received a special commission to direct military affairs in Shaanxi, together with the title of Grand Secretary of the Wuying Hall. The military commission and grand-secretary rank were separate, even when held simultaneously.
Death and later commemoration
In 1674 military grain shipments were disrupted and tensions arose between Molo and the Shaanxi commander Wang Fuchen. At Ningqiang, Wang's troops attacked Molo's camp and Molo died of his wounds. Full posthumous recognition came only later: in 1683 the court authorized official sacrifice and burial and awarded the posthumous name Zhongmin along with an inheritable distinction. His son Changan inherited that honor. The killing in 1674 and the court's later award should not be collapsed into a single contemporaneous event.
Sources and Bibliography
Links reproduce references supplied with the Chinese editorial manuscript; they do not establish that every individual statement has undergone independent archival verification.
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