Ilerde of the Šumulu Clan

Service and military career Ilerde was an early Qing commander of the Šumulu clan, registered in the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner. The clan genealogy identifies him as a nephew within the wider kin group of Yanggūri, the imperial son-in-law, and records his submission alongside that relative. Volume 6 of the *General Genealogy of the Manchu Clans of the Eight Banners* associates Ilerde with campaigns around Beijing, Jizhou, Dalinghe, Dingxing, Changping and Jinzhou. His military distinction brought successive promotions from the hereditary rank of *qiduwei* (cavalry commandant). After the Qing entry into China proper, he fought in Henan and Jiangnan and is credited with crossing the Yangtze ahead of others during the campaign.

Titles, appointments and succession Ilerde's hereditary honor eventually reached the rank of marquis, but his career was not an uninterrupted progression. Following an offense, he was reduced to count and dismissed from office. He later commanded an expedition against Zhoushan as General-in-Chief for Pacifying the Seas, distinguished himself and regained his former standing, receiving the combined dignity of first-class marquis and *yunqiwei*. The expeditionary generalship was a command appointment; the ranks of marquis, count and *yunqiwei* belonged to the separate framework of noble and hereditary distinctions.

He also served as a deliberative minister, banner commander (*dutong*) and company captain (*zuoling*). These offices involved, respectively, high-level deliberation, banner administration and local organization of banner households. His posthumous title was Xiangmin. His grandson Bahunde succeeded to the honor; a later successor, Mahada, inherited a reduced second-class countship after additional grades granted by imperial favor were removed, while another branch separately inherited the *yunqiwei* distinction. The genealogy thus describes several stages and branches of succession, not one fixed rank throughout Ilerde's lifetime. Precise dates and the circumstances of each demotion require comparison with the original editions.