Langshan of the Šumulu Clan

Background and date of submission Langshan belonged to the Šumulu clan of the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner, historically associated with Kurka. Volume 6 of the *General Genealogy of the Manchu Clans of the Eight Banners* places his submission during the Tiancong reign, rather than describing it merely as occurring in the vague “early years.” Tiancong, the reign title used by Hong Taiji before the Qing entry into China proper, corresponds broadly to 1627–1636. The entry thus situates the family's incorporation within the formative period of the Later Jin–Qing state.

Family service across generations The genealogy lists Langshan's grandson Aqili as a junior officer of the Guard Corps (*hujunxiao*). Among his great-grandsons, Luodai became a guard-company commander (*hujun canling*), Zhulai a junior officer of the infantry establishment (*bujunxiao*), and Xiteku a *bitieshi*, a scribe or documentary officer. A later descendant, Maitu, served as a junior Guard officer, while Baitai, identified as a fourth-generation descendant, was recorded as serving as a *bitieshi* when the genealogy was compiled.

These offices covered different kinds of Qing service: Guard Corps command, the capital or banner infantry establishment, and documentary administration. The office of *bitieshi* should not be conflated with the personal guard or cavalry ranks. The genealogy does not provide Langshan's own office, nor does it trace every intermediate father–son link among the listed descendants.

Plain Yellow Banner affiliation, origin at Kurka and submission under Tiancong respectively describe institutional registration, geographic background and chronology. Finally, the word “currently” in the eighteenth-century genealogy means current at the time of compilation, not present-day employment. Identification of the exact ancestral village and appointment dates would require separate local and personnel records.