Man Tu Hun

Overview

Mantuhun is a member of the Irgen Gioro clan recorded in Volume 15 of the *Comprehensive Genealogy of the Manchu Clans of the Eight Banners*. The verifiable information provided in the original entry includes his banner affiliation with the Bordered Red Banner, his ancestral residence in the "Suifen" (Suifen), and his classification as "returning under the Tiancong banner." The Bordered Red Banner indicates the banner organizational structure of this branch as seen at the time of the genealogy's compilation; the banner affiliation is information from the Qing dynasty's military, political, and household registration systems and cannot directly replace clan affiliation, modern ethnicity, or place of birth. "Returning under the Tiancong banner" is the genealogy's classification group; Tiancong was the reign title of Huang Taiji. The original entry did not provide specific years and months, so the timeframe cannot be further narrowed. His recorded career includes: his grandson, Eseli, originally served as a cavalry captain; his great-grandson, Jinbaozhu, originally served as a scribe; and his current position is a second-class bodyguard. The kinship hierarchy and statuses such as "former" and "current" are retained as in the original entry. At this stage, Mantuhun's official position, rank, or birth and death are not inferred from the official positions of his descendants. The relevant institutional terms should be understood according to the Qing Dynasty context: Second-class guards were guards in princely residences and other places; if the original text does not provide information about the residence, it is inappropriate to assume the service recipients; Xiaojixiao was a low-level military officer under the Eight Banners Zuo Ling system, assisting in the management, training, and dispatch of bannermen, and was not a modern school title; Bitieshi (bithesi (clerk)) is Manchu for bithesi, referring to clerks who handled translation, copying, archives, and official document circulation; bithe means writing, and bithei is the genitive form of "writing," and the two should not be confused with job titles. "Suifen" retains the historical place name spelling from genealogical records; there may be different places with the same name, different spellings, and changes in jurisdiction, and it cannot be directly equated with a specific administrative region today.