Manping'a

Overview

Manping'a was a bondservant of the Plain Yellow Banner in the early Qing Dynasty. In Volume 31 of the official Qing Dynasty compilation, *The Comprehensive Genealogy of the Manchu Clans of the Eight Banners*, he is listed as a member of the Zhaojia clan of Ermin, claiming kinship with Juese. He submitted to the Qing Dynasty at the beginning of the dynasty and was appointed a military officer. He was seriously wounded during a campaign against Jiefan. Nurhaci, due to his years of service and injury after his submission, bestowed upon him the surname Gioro. This is the surname change explicitly recorded in this entry.

Boatservants were a specific subordinate status within the Eight Banners. Military officer was an official title in the early Qing Dynasty. The bestowal of a surname was a privilege granted by the court to a specific individual. It is inappropriate to change the surname of all Zhaojia clan members to Gioro based solely on this record. His son, Tengqi, served as a first-class imperial bodyguard. His grandson, Huashan, served as a military officer in the campaign against Zhoushan, and for his meritorious service, he was awarded the title of Yunqiwei and appointed as a deputy commander. The position of military officer was different from hereditary positions.

Later generations included Shujishi, Jiantao, and Bitieshi. Shujishi belonged to the Hanlin Academy's training and selection system, Jiantao was a literary official, and Bitieshi was a clerk. The lineage of Ermin, Jiefandiwang, Yuanzhao, and his brother Erken is yet to be verified. Later generations of literary officials and military merits in Zhoushan were transferred to Manping'a.