Hetong'e of the Irgen Gioro Clan

Family affiliation

Hetong'e appears in volume 15 of the *Comprehensive Genealogy of the Eight Banner Manchu Clans* as an Irgen Gioro clansman registered under the Bordered Red Banner. The ancestral locality was Lefu River, while the date of allegiance was unknown. The excerpt records no office held by Hetong'e personally. Its biographical account concerns his grandson Wudaha.

Wudaha's military death

Wudaha served as a *hujunxiao*, an officer responsible for aspects of Guard administration and military duties. During the campaign against the Dzungars, he was killed in the engagement at Hotong Horkhonor. He received the hereditary merit dignity *yunqiwei* after death, which was succeeded to by his son Heshun'e. The campaign, death and award belong to Wudaha, not to his grandfather Hetong'e. A *hujunxiao* was a substantive role in the Guard establishment, whereas *yunqiwei* was an inheritable distinction; Heshun'e's succession to the latter does not itself demonstrate succession to the former.

Boundaries of the source

The genealogy's reference to a “current holder” means the holder at the time of its eighteenth-century compilation, not a modern survivor of the hereditary system. It provides no precise succession dates, and it does not identify Wudaha's father by name. Nor should the historical river name Lefu be equated with a present-day river simply because its modern name sounds similar.

Hetong'e's own activities, the geography of the river locality, the battle date and the intermediary family relationships remain matters for further checking against genealogical manuscripts and Banner archives.