Hetono

Overview

Hetono, also known as Hetono, is mentioned in Volume 51 of the *General Genealogy of the Manchu Clans of the Eight Banners*, under the entry for the Urguchen Clan. He belonged to the Bordered Yellow Banner and his family had lived in Muleng for generations. He submitted to the Qing dynasty during the Tiancong era (Tiancong being the reign title used by Huang Taiji during the Later Jin period). The genealogy records that he was rewarded with ten households of able-bodied men for his meritorious service in persuading the Manchus of Akulini to surrender, and was given the command of a zuoling (military unit) composed of local people.

Hetono later participated in the campaign against Datong and died in battle at Shacheng. He was posthumously awarded the title of Qiduwei, which was inherited by his eldest son, Harsu. His other son, Arsun, participated in the Huguang campaign as a military officer, involved in the battles at Changde, the aid of Jingzhou, and the capture of ships on the river. He was awarded the title of Yunqiwei (a military rank), which was later inherited by his son, Wuge. These two hereditary titles came from the experiences of different individuals, and Arsun's battles at Changde and Jingzhou cannot be attributed to his father.

The zuoling managed the households, land, and military registers under his jurisdiction; the Qiduwei and Yun Qiwei were hereditary titles of merit and cannot be interpreted as ordinary military positions commanding a fixed number of cavalry. Urguchen was a Manchu clan, and the Bordered Yellow Banner was part of the Eight Banners system. The modern locations of Muleng and Akuliniman are yet to be determined, and the original text does not provide specific dates of the battles; the troop figures are only preserved as a record in the genealogy.