Baduli

Overview

Baduli was a member of the Manchu Xingjia clan, belonging to the Bordered Blue Banner. He was of the same clan as Fuhu and lived in Xingjia Village for generations, submitting to the Qing dynasty at its beginning. Volume 43 of the official Qing dynasty genealogy, *the Comprehensive Genealogy of the Manchu Clans of the Eight Banners*, records that he was appointed Ying'e Guankou Zhangjing (a high-ranking official in charge of the passes), and participated in the campaigns in Heilongjiang and other areas, contributing to the capture of three cities and the surrender of over 230 people. For his merits, he was awarded the title of Yunqiwei (a military rank), managing Zuoling (a military unit), and eventually rose to the rank of Dutong (a high-ranking military officer) and Yizheng Dachen (a high-ranking official in charge of political affairs).

Zhangjing was one of the official titles in the early Qing dynasty, and this entry explicitly mentions Guankou (a military pass), so its connection to the pass-guarding background should be preserved. Yunqiwei was a hereditary title for meritorious officials, Zuoling involved the grassroots banner system, Dutong was a high-ranking official in the banner military system, and Yizheng Dachen participated in political affairs; these titles represent different types of status and cannot be simply arranged into a fixed rank.

After Baduli's death, his younger brother Haijia succeeded him, and Haijia had previously served as a city garrison commander; subsequently, Haidu succeeded him, experiencing periods of imperial favor, reductions in rank, and restoration of his military achievements. Later rulers like Mushtun and Baishtun continued the hereditary system. The book also records the dismissal of Baishtun and the succession by collateral branches. This process illustrates that hereditary positions could be passed down through brothers and collateral branches, and that dismissal and removal from office were not always possible; succession was not perpetual. The specific location of the Ying'e Pass, the date of Baduli's appointment, and the names of the three cities he conquered are yet to be verified.