Long Clan

Overview

The Long clan is listed as a Nikan surname within the Manchu banner system in Volume 78 of the *Comprehensive Genealogy of the Manchu Clans of the Eight Banners*, including two branches: Long Yongsheng and Long Deyun. Long Yongsheng was a bondservant of the Plain Yellow Banner, residing in Shenyang. His great-grandson, Long Guangyu, served as a Tongzhi (assistant prefect) when the genealogy was compiled. Long Deyun was a bondservant of the Bordered Blue Banner, also originally from Shenyang. His grandson, Long Hongxi, served as a third-class guard, and Long Hongren as a scribe. His great-grandsons, Fozhu and Cunzhu, served as scribes and military officers, respectively.

An Tongzhi was a local assistant civil official, whose specific duties varied depending on the post. A third-class guard belonged to the guard system of princely residences and was not interchangeable with the emperor's guards. A military officer was a junior officer in the guard organization, responsible for troop management, training, and guard duties; their duties differed from those of princely guards.

The scribe titles of Long Hongren and Fozhu correspond to the Manchu word *bithesi*, indicating duties related to document drafting, translation, and administrative writing. Although both branches claim to have lived in Shenyang for generations, their banner affiliation and administrative categories differ, and the original genealogy does not provide a common ancestor. The years of surrender, official positions, and complete lineages of Long Yongsheng and Long Deyun are yet to be verified; this section retains the original genealogy branches and does not combine the official positions of different descendants into the ancestors' resumes.